I've spent a little time doing some looking into this issue. I absolutely agree with Randella that not enough has been done to look at gay, lesbian and transgender health issues. There is a group who are trying to, viz the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association:
http://www.glma.org/news/index.htmlI am going to try to contact them and see if they have ever looked into
the issue of long term effects of increased/exogenous estrogen use in men.
The following is a little of what I was able to glean from the current
medical literature.
Generalizations relating to men's health overall:
- The risk of breast cancer in men increases with age.
- Incidence rates of breast cancer in men have remained stable over
time,
(i.e., the past 25 years or so).
- In men, an increase in risk of breast cancer has been associated with
testicular pathology and dysfunction, and a decrease in risk has been
related
to high fertility, a history of prostate cancer, and exogenous androgens.
-
A history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative is associated
with
about a doubling of the risk of breast cancer in both men and women
- In rats, it has been shown that estrogens, alone or in combination
with
androgens, can induce aberrant growth and/or malignancy of the prostate
gland.
- Also in the laboratory setting in rats, estrogen alone or combined
with
progesterone can induce breast tumors.
The following is an abstract from a journal called "Prostate"
Prostate 1989;14(4):389-95
Estrogen therapy and liver function--metabolic effects of oral and
parenteral
administration.
von Schoultz B, Carlstrom K, Collste L, Eriksson A, Henriksson P,
Pousette A,
Stege R.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umea University Hospital,
Sweden.
Oral estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer is clinically effective but
also
accompanied by severe cardiovascular side effects. Hypertension, venous
thromboembolism, and other cardiovascular disorders are associated with
alterations in liver metabolism. The impact of exogenous estrogens on
the
liver is dependent on the route of administration and the type and dose
of
estrogen. Oral administration of synthetic estrogens has profound
effects on
liver-derived plasma proteins, coagulation factors, lipoproteins, and
triglycerides, whereas parenteral administration of native estradiol
has very
little influence on these aspects of liver function.
------
I found this abstract quite suprising. In women, estrogen is known to
be
cardioprotective; when women pass menopause, their risk of heart
attacks and
related problems significantly increases, eventually becoming equal to
those
risks in men.
One thing that this abstract leads me to think is that if a man is
taking high
doses of estrogen it would be important to have liver studies done from
time
to time, to make sure his liver function is alright.
I'm afraid that I have to get back to work, but I'll try to spend some
more
time on this topic in the very near future.
- Di